Analysis of the differences in body composition and physiological profiles of professional female sub-junior soccer players of Manipur: An observational study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55184/ijpas.v76i01.214Keywords:
bio-electrical impedance, body cell mass, intra cellular water, physiological performances, young sub junior soccer playersAbstract
Background: This study aimed to analyze body composition and certain physiological profiles in professional women sub-junior soccer players of Manipur during their playing season. Method and Materials: Twenty-seven players from the Manipur sub-junior soccer team playing in local league games participated in this study. They were assessed using the variables body fat mass (BFM), soft lean mass (SLM), fat-free mass (FFM), intracellular water (ICW), extracellular water (ECW), total body water (TBW) through the sophisticated state of the art impedance bioanalyzer (Chorder, USA) and also cholesterol and lactate threshold. One-way ANOVA showed significant differences (p<0.05) in anthropometric indicators and body composition parameters (Glycogen mass, Muscle mass, BCM, BCM/FFM%, Total Mineral Mass, TBW, ICW, ICW%, ICW/FFM%), body-fat percentage, relative V̇O2max, cholesterol and lactate levels and fat mass with respect to field positions. Results: There were no significant differences between playing positions in the variables of body weight, height, age, or professional experience (P>0.05). However, forward-position players showed lower values of fat-free mass in relation to other playing positions, and they are lower and lighter with regard to the goalkeepers (P<0.05). There are qualitative and quantitative alterations between assessed positions and the correct use of these individual differences on behalf of the team can contribute to the sportive success. Relative BCM, ECM/BCM, BCM/FFM, cholesterol, lactate threshold, and BCMI need wide-scale application in team sports. Conclusion: It can be concluded that size and body composition are important when analyzing soccer players according to their position, despite the appearance of only minor differences between them.
References
Krustrup P, Zebis M, Jensen JM, Mohr M. Game-induced fatigue patterns in elite female soccer. J Strength Cond Res. 2010;24(2):437-41. DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181c09b79.
de Araújo MC, Mießen KA. Twenty years of the FIFA Women’s World Cup: An outstanding evolution of competitiveness. Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal. 2017;25(1):60-4. DOI:10.1123/wspaj.2015-0047.
Çıplak ME, Eler N, Eler S, Acar H. The relationship between anthropometry and jumping performance in Handball. Prog Nutr. 2020;22:536-40. DOI:10.23751/pn.v22i2.9721.
Stolarczyk LM, Heyward VH, Hicks VL, Baumgartner RN. Predictive accuracy of bioelectrical impedance in estimating body composition of Native American women. Am J Clin Nutr. 1994;59(5):964-70. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/59.5.964.
Polman R, Walsh D, Bloomfield J, Nesti M. Effective conditioning of female soccer players. J Sports Sci. 2004;22(2):191-203. DOI: 10.1080/02640410310001641458.
Joksimović M, Skrypchenko I, Yarymbash K, Fulurija D, Nasrolahi S, Pantović M. Anthropometric characteristics of professional football players in relation to the playing position and their significance for success in the game. Pedagogics, Psychology, Medical-Biological Problems of Physical Training and Sports, 2019;23(5):224-30. DOI: 10.15561/18189172.2019.0503.
Goranovic K, Lilić A, Siniša K, Eler N, Anđelić M, Joksimović M. Morphological characteristics, body composition and explosive power in female football professional players. Journal of Physical Education and Sport. 2021;21:81-7. DOI: 10.7752/jpes.2021.01011.
Hazır T. Physical Characteristics and somatotype of soccer players according to playing level and position. Journal of Human Kinetics. 2010;26:83-95. DOI: 10.2478/v10078-010-0052-z.
Ferasat R. Investigation of biomechanical and anthropometric variables of soccer players according to their playing position: Review article. Journal of Sport Biomechanics. 2021;6. DOI: 10.32598/biomechanics.7.1.5.
Sporis G, Vucetić V, Jovanović M, Milanović Z, Rucević M, Vuleta D. Are there any differences in power performance and morphological characteristics of Croatian adolescent soccer players according to the team position? Coll Antropol. 2011;35(4):1089-94. PMID: 22397243.
Sutton L, Scott M, Wallace J, Reilly T. Body composition of English Premier League soccer players: Influence of playing position, international status, and ethnicity. J Sports Sci. 2009;27(10):1019-26. DOI: 10.1080/02640410903030305.
Matković BR, Misigoj-Duraković M, Matković B, Janković S, Ruzić L, Leko G, Kondric M. Morphological differences of elite Croatian soccer players according to the team position. Coll Antropol. 2003;27 Suppl 1:167-74. PMID: 12955906.
Prado WL, Botero JP, Fernandes Guerra RL, Rodrigues CP, Cuvello LC, e Damaso AR. Anthropometric profile and macronutrient intake in professional Brazilian soccer players according to their field positioning. Rev Bras Med Esporte. 2006;12(2):61-5. DOI: 10.1590/S1517-86922006000200001.
Reilly T. Fitness assessment. In Science and Soccer. (Editor). Reilly, T. London: E & FN Spon. Pp. 25-49, 1996. eBook ISBN 9780203417553.
Ostojic S. Seasonal alterations in body composition and sprint performance of elite soccer players. J Exerc Physiol Online. 2003:6(3):11-4. Available at https://www.asep.org/asep/asep/Ostojic3.doc.
Lee RC, Wang Z, Heo M, Ross R, Janssen I, Heymsfield SB. Total-body skeletal muscle mass: development and cross-validation of anthropometric prediction models. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;72(3):796-803. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/72.3.796.
Kuriyan R, Kurpad AV. Prediction of total body muscle mass from simple anthropometric measurements in young Indian males. Indian J Med Res. 2004;119(3):121-8. PMID: 15115164.
Lyra CO, Lima SC, Lima KC, Arrais RF, Pedrosa LF. Prediction equations for fat and fat-free body mass in adolescents, based on body circumferences. Ann Hum Biol. 2012;39(4):275-80. DOI: 10.3109/03014460.2012.685106.
Kerksick CM, Wilborn CD, Roberts MD, et al. ISSN exercise and sports nutrition review update: Research and recommendations. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2018;15(1):38. DOI: 10.1186/s12970-018-0242-y.
Meeuwsen S, Horgan GW, Elia M. The relationship between BMI and percent body fat, measured by bioelectrical impedance, in a large adult sample is curvilinear and influenced by age and sex. Clin Nutr. 2010;29(5):560-6. DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2009.12.011.
Judelson DA, Maresh CM, Anderson JM, et al. Hydration and muscular performance. Sports Med. 2007;37:907-21. DOI:10.2165/00007256-200737100-00006.
Adan A. Cognitive performance and dehydration. J Am Coll Nutr. 2012;31(2):71-8. DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2012.10720011.
Shirreffs SM, Aragon-Vargas LF, Chamorro M, Maughan RJ, Serratosa L, Zachwieja JJ. The sweating response of elite professional soccer players to training in the heat. Int J Sports Med. 2005;26(2):90-5. DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-821112.
Di Salvo V, Pigozzi F. Physical training of football players based on their positional rules in the team. Effects on performance-related factors. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 1998;38(4):294-7. PMID: 9973771.
