Diabetes across the Lifespan: A Comparative Analysis of Clinical And Biochemical Profiles in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Introduction:

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a pervasive and complex metabolic disorder that has emerged as a global health concern. T2DM is frequently associated with alterations in various biochemical markers, such as increased levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and abnormal lipid profiles. T2DM is traditionally associated with middle-aged and older individuals, there is a growing recognition of its occurrence in younger age groups also. This research study aims to study the clinical and biochemical profiles in diverse age groups.

Materials and Methods: The study commenced after obtaining ethics approval from the Institute Ethics Committee (AIIMS/BBN/ IEC/APR/2021/32/10.5.2021). The study participants included 100 patients with type 2 DM of both genders. A complete general physical examination including height, weight, BP, pulse rate and waist and hip circumference was done. Blood was collected to assess the glycemic status and lipid profile.  Neuropathy assessment was done using Michigan neuropathy screening instrument [MNSI] and Temperature threshold testing.

Results: The waist circumference and hip circumference are significantly higher in the group III (41-50) and IV (51-60). The glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) is significantly higher in Group I (20-30) and II (31-40).  The TG levels are also significantly higher in group III and IV in comparison to other groups. The presence of neuropathy is also significantly higher in group III, IV and V (>60). A significant positive correlation of age with years of DM, SBP and presence of neuropathy can be observed.

Conclusion: The triglycerides and HbA1c are higher in middle aged patients, specifying the need to intervene and for tight control. The neuropathy is increased in older patients especially after 40 years, further emphasizing the proper control on lipid and glycemic profile to delay the early onset of complications.